![]() Modern political conservatism emerged in the 19th cent. Conservatives value the wisdom of the past and are generally opposed to widespread reform. ![]() In politics, the desire to maintain, or conserve, the existing order. Often opposed to liberalism is the doctrine of conservatism conservatism, Liberalism assumes that people, having a rational intellect, have the ability to recognize problems and solve them and thus can achieve systematic improvement in the human condition. The final aim of liberalism, however, remains fixed, as does its characteristic belief not only in essential human goodness but also in human rationality. Because the concepts of liberty or freedom change in different historical periods the specific programs of liberalism also change. Liberalism, philosophy or movement that has as its aim the development of individual freedom.
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